Definition and Function

Hydraulic system oil filters are primarily used to remove solid particles, gelatinous substances, and various impurities that may enter the hydraulic system externally or are generated internally during system operation. This ensures the cleanliness of hydraulic oil and safeguards the normal operation of the hydraulic system.
Classification and Installation Positions
Hydraulic system oil filters can be categorized into several types based on their installation positions and purposes, which primarily include:
Suction Filter Element:
- Installation Position: Located on the suction pipeline of the pump or directly installed inside the oil tank.
- Function: Filters out residues in the oil tank and contaminants entering through the air inlet, protecting the pump.
- Characteristics: To prevent cavitation in the oil pump, the filter element must have low resistance, typically using a 100-200 mesh or finer metal wire mesh or wound with notched metal wire material.
Pressure Line Filter Element:
- Installation Position: Installed on the pump outlet pipeline.
- Function: Removes contaminants from the inlet oil, maintaining system cleanliness and a constant contamination level.
- Characteristics: Due to high-pressure pulsations and impacts, the filter element must meet specific test requirements, such as ISO 3724. High-precision filters are required upstream of hydraulic components highly sensitive to contaminants, such as slide valves and servo valves.
Return Filter Element:
- Installation Position: Located on the return oil pipeline of the system.
- Function: Removes newly generated or externally introduced contaminants before they return to the oil tank, making it the most effective position for controlling system contamination.
- Characteristics: Although in a low-pressure pipeline, pulsations or pressure impacts may still occur depending on the operating conditions of the transmission device, thus demanding high requirements for the filter element.
Circulation Filter Element:
- Installation Position: Installed on the oil tank's circulation loop.
- Function: Used in systems with stringent cleanliness requirements, allowing for the reduction of contamination levels even when the system is not operating.
- Characteristics: Requires the use of fine filters with a high filtration ratio. Installing a cooler in the system can further reduce system temperature and facilitate maintenance.
Air Filter Element:
- Installation Position: Mounted on the oil tank.
- Function: Prevents contaminants from entering the oil tank through air due to changes in oil volume.
- Characteristics: The filter element must have a large capacity to prevent micro-pore blockage, which could lead to negative pressure inside the tank and cause cavitation.
Materials and Structure
The materials used for hydraulic system oil filters primarily include stainless steel woven mesh, sintered mesh, etc. The filter media are mostly glass fiber filter paper, synthetic fiber filter paper, etc. The filter element's construction consists of single or multiple layers of metal mesh combined with filter media, with the number of layers and mesh size determined by different operating conditions and purposes. This structure gives the filter element high concentricity, high pressure resistance, and good straightness.
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